아 합체의 끝은 어디인가?

http://chimuchyo.egloos.com/329556 (NSS 창설 이전 FBI 테러 대책 체계)

Bush to Create New Unit in F.B.I. for Intelligence

By DOUGLAS JEHL Published: June 30, 2005

WASHINGTON, June 29 - President Bush on Wednesday ordered changes intended to break down old walls between foreign and domestic intelligence activities by creating a new national security division within the Federal Bureau of Investigation that will fall under the overall direction of John D. Negroponte, the new director of national intelligence.

The decisions on intelligence come after a 90-day review led by Frances Fragos Townsend, a former mob prosecutor in Manhattan. The directive by Mr. Bush is aimed at consolidating the power of Mr. Negroponte, whose authority over the F.B.I. had been ambiguous. It also sets in motion a major restructuring designed to dissolve the barriers that have often kept the Central Intelligence Agency and the F.B.I. at arm's length, and elevates intelligence operations to new prominence within the F.B.I., which has remained firmly oriented toward traditional law enforcement, even since the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001.

General Michael V. Hayden, the deputy director of national intelligence, said the government would take steps to ensure that the changes did not impinge on American civil liberties. But in a briefing for reporters, General Hayden also said that the United States no longer had the luxury of maintaining divisions between its foreign and domestic intelligence structures, because "our enemy does not recognize that distinction."

The White House left it to Mr. Negroponte to carry out the overhaul, which will almost certainly be met with reluctance within the F.B.I. and the 14 other agencies he oversees. Representative Jane Harman, the top Democrat on the House intelligence committee, cautioned that lasting change will require "sustained attention" from the White House.

"The F.B.I. will not get ahead of the terrorist threat if it doesn't have a fully dedicated intelligence service, and now it will," Ms. Harman, of California, said in an interview. "But this will require a massive culture change within the F.B.I., because the guns and badges and the mind-set of the F.B.I. don't totally fit with the challenges of countering terrorism."




The changes ordered by Mr. Bush are the among the most far-reaching yet taken by the Bush administration and Congress to overhaul an intelligence structure whose deep flaws have been exposed by major failures on terrorism and Iraq.

The White House announced the step as it accepted nearly all of the dozens of recommendations made three months ago by a nine-member presidential commission, headed by Laurence Silberman and Charles Robb, that reviewed the law that created Mr. Negroponte's post.

The law left Mr. Negroponte with clear control over the Central Intelligence Agency and other agencies that operate abroad, but the commission warned in a report in March that the legislation left his influence over the F.B.I. "troublingly vague," hampering effective oversight of the nation's intelligence operations.

Frances Fragos Townsend, the White House homeland security adviser, said the changes would allow Mr. Negroponte to wield influence and seek information down to the level of each of the F.B.I.'s field offices, though she noted that the attorney general, Alberto R. Gonzales, would remain responsible for ensuring that intelligence activities in the United States did not violate American law.

"If there was any doubt about the D.N.I.'s authority and whether the president was going to empower the D.N.I., that shouldn't remain today," Ms. Townsend said at a White House briefing.

In a written statement, Mr. Robb praised Mr. Bush's response in strong terms, and a spokesman for Judge Silberman said that he shared those sentiments.

A memorandum sent by Mr. Bush to his top deputies said the changes would "ensure that the F.B.I.'s intelligence elements are responsive" to Mr. Negroponte. It said that the new security division, the National Security Service, to be headed by a senior F.B.I. official, would include the bureau's counterterrorism and counterintelligence divisions, as well as its intelligence directorate, and that all would be "subject to the coordination and budget powers" of the new intelligence chief The change ordered by Mr. Bush will create a new, semi-autonomous service within a service, headed by a chief who will report both to Mr. Negroponte and the F.B.I. director, Robert S. Mueller. The F.B.I. had long resisted that step, as well as the more far-reaching idea of creating a separate domestic intelligence service, like Britain's MI5, but Mr. Mueller agreed to the more limited change in response to strong pressure from the White House.

On Wednesday, Mr. Mueller called the creation of the National Security Service "the next step in the evolution of our ability to protect the American public." He and Mr. Gonzales rejected the suggestion that the F.B.I. would be losing autonomy or authority.

While Mr. Negroponte would have control over the F.B.I.'s intelligence budget, Mr. Gonzales said that intelligence officials "are not going to be directing law enforcement."

The broad outline of the White House plan for the restructuring had been previously known. But the tone of Mr. Bush's memorandum to his deputies and the tenor of the White House announcement made clear that the White House was determined to override any lingering misgivings within the F.B.I., on grounds that "further prompt action" was intended "to meet challenges to the security of the United States."

The announcement followed a 90-day review in which the White House decided to endorse 70 of the 74 recommendations made in the report issued on March 30 by the commission. The panel's main focus was to review intelligence operations related to combating the spread of illicit weapons, but it made the recommendations in response to a request from Mr. Bush that it review the sweeping intelligence reform law that Congress passed in December.

Among the steps announced by the White House was an executive order that Mr. Bush signed on Wednesday that extends to counterproliferation efforts a tool that has been used in the administration's bid to combat terrorism. The order authorizes steps to cut off financing and other support for groups or businesses involved in the spread of illicit weapons, and the Treasury Department immediately designated eight companies, from North Korea, Iran and Syria, as subject to an immediate asset freeze.

Other steps include the designation of new mission managers under Mr. Negroponte who will provide leadership on intelligence strategies aimed at high-profile targets, including Iran and North Korea. Another move will establish a center at the C.I.A. that will focus for the first time on the collection of open-source intelligence, a move that General Hayden said might ultimately reduce the need to steal secrets.

As expected, the White House also called for the creation of a National Counter Proliferation Center under Mr. Negroponte, to operate in parallel with the new National Counter Terrorism Center. The counterproliferation center would coordinate the government's collection and analysis of intelligence on nuclear, biological and chemical weapons, leading a task now scattered among many national security agencies.

Along with Mr. Negroponte, the biggest winner in the White House review appeared to be the Central Intelligence Agency, whose director, Porter J. Goss, is subordinate to Mr. Negroponte. The plan called for the C.I.A. to maintain its pre-eminence on issues related to human spying and covert operations. Of the 74 recommendations, the only one rejected by the White House would have transferred planning for some covert operations from the C.I.A. to the new centers for counterterrorism and counterproliferation, which would have given the Pentagon a larger role.

The White House plan will leave the C.I.A. as the coordinator for human intelligence operations and create a new post there to try to head off conflicts between the agency and the Pentagon and the F.B.I., whose more aggressive human spying operations have begun to encroach on the C.I.A.'s traditional turf. The plan stopped short of embracing the commission's recommendation to create a human intelligence directorate, a step that C.I.A. officials had feared would undermine the authority of the agency's directorate of operations.

Nearly all of the changes announced by the White House can be carried out unilaterally, Ms. Townsend said. She said the White House had decided to defer action on three recommendations, including one calling for judgments about the accountability of individual intelligence units for missteps related to prewar assessments of Iraq. Ms. Townsend said Mr. Bush would work with Congress on three recommendations that would require legislation, including the creation of a position of assistant attorney general at the Justice Department that would centralize responsibility for intelligence and national security matters in a single office.


WMD 위원회 제안에 대한 대통령 반응

법무성 정보 보안 체계 개편에 대한 대통령령

이전부터 말이 나오던 국내 정보 체제 개편에 대한 잠정적인 답이 하나 나온 것 같군요. 이 건 사실 9.11 이후 미국내에서도 말이 많았던 문제로 법집행 기관의 권한 및 역량 강화 규모 확대 등을 넘어서 국내 정보 체계를 새로 짜자는 의견들이
나왔고 그 모델로 생각했던 게 영국의 국내 보안 정보 기관인 MI5(SS) 였고 이를 미국 체제에 적용할 수 있을 지 여부를
검토하는 보고서가 작성되기도 했습니다 (해당 보고서는 여기를 참고) 물론 FBI에서는 당근 이 안에 반대했고 미국 내에서도 이 안을 놓고 왈가왈부가 많았는 데 결국 FBI내부에 MI5
같은 국내 정보 보안 기능을 통합한 기관 국가 안보부 (National Security Service)을 창설하는 걸로 결론이 나온 것 같군요 특히 이 개편을 내그로폰테 Dni (국가정보장)이 밀어붙였다고 하니 해당 부서가 FBI내 에 있지만 사실상 DNI의 영향하에 놓이게 될 거라는 관측도 나오더군요. 이 부서장을 임명하는 데 네그로폰테의 동의가 있어야 하고 더구나 이 부서를 통해 네그로폰데가 FBI의 현장지국과도 바로 연결될 수 있다고 하니.. DNI 가 사실상 정보활동을 포함하여 해당 분야에 관한 FBI 활동을 지휘할 가능성도 대두되는군요
또 하나 이부서 신설과 관련하여 대해서 주목가는 게 이 신설 부서가 방첩 대테러 부문을 포괄하는 바 이 것이 FBI의 대외 기능 (특히 방첩과 관련되어 ) 강화안과 국가방첩집행관실이 추진하던 방첩 전략 공세적 방첩안들과 또 어떻게 관련될 지에 대해서도 관심이 가는 바입니다

국가방첩집행관실의 방첩 전략에 대해서는 여기를 참고

테러 대책국 (2004 source:The FBI's Counterterrorism Program Since September 2001)

* 각 SECTION 산하 UNIt들의 경우는

수사 활동처

국제테러 활동 1과
알 카에다 및 기타 수니 파 과격 단체 담당

UNITS
Regional/Extraterritorial
Continental United States (CONUS) I
CONUS II
CONUS III
CONUS IV

국제테러 활동 2과
히즈볼라, 하마스, 팔레스타인 지하드 및 기타 국가 후원 테러 대책

Global Operations Unit
Iran/Hizballah Unit
Middle East Operations Unit
(+ UNit)

* 이 전 국제테러 활동과를 두 개로 분리 각기 수니 및 시아 파 전담 부서로 편성
To reduce manager’s span of control, in the summer of 2002 the former ITOS was split into two separate operating sections.

국내 테러 활동과
국내 테러 대책 활동 감독.
산하에 특별행사반 대규모 전국적 행사시 테러 대비

Domestic Terrorism Operations Unit
responsible for investigating all domestic terrorist cases (not foreign-based or foreign supported terrorists), from right wing anti-government and white supremacist groups to left wing animal rights and environmental extremists and others such as the Macheteros revolutionaries in Puerto Rico.

WMD/Unconventional Threats Operations Unit
ssesses terrorist threats involving WMD and performs related investigations.

WMD/Unconventional Threat Countermeasures Unit
responsible for providing training and policy guidance to other FBI offices and to state and local first responders.

Special Events Unit
works with the U.S. SecretService and the Federal Emergency Management Agency in coordinating security for special events.

테러 보고.소요과
생정보 배포 및 정보실이 수립한 정책. 절차를 집행감독

Reports Policy and Asset Vetting Unit;
Radical Fundamentalist Extremist Collection, Evaluation, Dissemination Unit;
Global Middle East Extremist Collection, Evaluation, Dissemination Unit;
WMD Unconventional Threat Collection, Evaluation, Dissemination Unit;
Domestic Collection, Evaluation, Dissemination Unit

작전 지원처

CT Administrative and Resource Unit
TSC

FTTTF
The Foreign Terrorist Tracking Task Force operates under a Section Chief within the CTD’s Operations Support Branch, who also has the title of task force Director.

Tracking and Detection Unit,
Flight Training Security Unit,the Alien Security Advisory Unit

테러 자금 활동과 Terrorist Financing Operations Section

Radical Fundamentalist Financial Investigative Unit I
Radical Fundamentalist Financial Investigative Unit II
Domestic WMD and Global Financial Investigative Unit
Global Extremist Financial Investigative Unit
Financial Intelligence Analysis Unit
아라비아 반도 반
사업 계획 조정.관리반

테러 대책 활동 대응과
테러 사건 사태 혹은 위기 상황시 신속대응팀 파견
NJTTF
National Joint Terrorism Task Force
Fly Away Rapid Deployment Team Unit
Military Liaision & Detainee Unit

국가 위협센터 과

Threat Monitoring Unit,
Terrorist Watch and Warning Unit
Counterterrorism Watch Unit (CT Watch)
SIOC

테러대책 분석처

Strategic Assessment and Analysis Unit
Production and Publications Unit
Presidential Support Group (OI로 이관)

테러대책 분석과

Domestic Sunni Extremist Unit
Shia/Middle East Analysis Unit
Foreign Links/Global Targets Analysis Unit
Domestic Terrorism Analysis Unit
WMD and Emerging Weapons Analysis Unit

통신활용과

Document Exploitation Unit
Communications Analysis Unit
Electronic Analysis Unit
Digital Media Exploitation Unit



정보실 (2004 기준)

정보 담당 통괄 차장

정보실 담당 차장

부차장

정보활동과

TTIC FBi 파견관

2005sus 2006년 초반 무렵

국내 테러 대책과 WMD/국내 테러 대책과로 개편

참고

FBI

EAD FOR NSB

CT

CI

INtel

WMD DIRectorate (06 신설)

?sction(ops?)
Weapons of Mass Destruction Operations Unit
WMD Countermeasures Unit

?anal sect.