CIa 신임 부국장 임명 그 외

WMD 위원회의 인적 정보 체계 개편 권고( 해당 제안에 대해선 여기를 참고) 에 따른 새로운 인적 정보 체계 구조가 모습을 드러넀군요

CIA 에 정보 공동체 전체에 걸치는 인적 정보 기구를 만들어서 국가 정보장이 인적 정보를 관할 케 한다는 대체적인 얼개는 어렴풋히 알게 되었지만 이 정도인 줄까지야 몰랏군요. 신설 인적 정보 기구를 DNI에 두어수집 담당 국가 정보 차장이 통할하게 한다는 안이 유력했는 데 CIA에 두게 되었군요.
새로 신설되는 국가 비밀 활동부 National Clandestine Servicerk는 기존의 CIA 작전 본부(Directorate of Operations)를 포괄함과 동시에 국방성 FBI등 기타 정보기관 들 전체에 걸친 인적 정보 활동들을 일원적으로 감독 조정한다고 하군요. 국가비밀활동부장이 아마 DO를 관할할 걸로 보이고 현재 DDO가 승진해서 국가비밀활동부장에 임명된다고 하군요
( 이경우 DDO와 겸임인지 모르겠습니다)

한동안 계속되었던 CIa 떄리기를 틈타 정보 활동의 영역에서 영향력을 확대 강화하려 오던 각 기관들의 물밑 다툼이 대략 일단락되면서 새로운 체제가 부상하는 모양입니다 (확실히 DNI측과 CIA 기타 당사자들의 힘겨루기에서 CIA가 우세했나 봅니다)

젠장 이렇게 되면 전부 다 새로 시작해야...

CIA Acquires New US Clandestine Leadership Role
October 13, 2005

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The CIA will lead a new clandestine service designed to coordinate all traditional U.S. spying activities overseas, including those of the FBI and Pentagon, top intelligence officials said on Thursday.As part of an ambitious strategy to rebuild U.S. human intelligence after debilitating lapses over Iraq and the September 11, 2001, attacks, the new National Clandestine Service, or NCS, will operate out of the spy agency under a director reporting to CIA Director Porter Goss.

The new service will act as the national authority for the integration and coordination of human intelligence operations, which involve spying by people rather than satellites and other sophisticated technology.

Intelligence experts view the service, which won President George W. Bush's approval in recent days, as an effort to restore some of the stature which the CIA lost when congressionally mandated reforms largely stripped the agency of its community role last year by establishing the position of director of national intelligence, held by John Negroponte. ``I am confident that with the creation of the NCS, the U.S. government will have a more cohesive and truly national human intelligence capability,'' Negroponte said in a statement announcing the service.

``This is another positive step in building an intelligence community that is more unified, coordinated, and effective, and is better positioned to meet the increasingly complex intelligence challenges of the future,'' he said.

With the new clandestine service based at his agency, Goss will have a dual role as CIA director and ``National HUMINT Manager.'' HUMINT is bureaucratic parlance for human intelligence. Goss is also leading an effort within the CIA to expand the agency's global operations and build its ability to act alone in countries where U.S. spies up to now have been more likely to act in concert with foreign intelligence services.

The CIA, which orchestrated America's Cold War espionage activities against the Soviet Union, forfeited its leadership role in the intelligence community as a result of the reforms crafted to address weaknesses exposed by the September 11 attacks.

Still reeling from criticism over intelligence lapses, the agency has lost some of its most senior clandestine officers in recent months. The announcement of the new clandestine service comes just weeks after the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence said the CIA was failing to lead U.S. human intelligence efforts and suggested Negroponte take a stronger management role.

The CIA reached separate agreements earlier this year for coordinating foreign intelligence activities with the FBI and the Pentagon. Both have stepped up their intelligence activities overseas since the September 11 attacks prompted the Bush administration's war on terrorism.

CIA Acquires New Clandestine Leadership Role
By REUTERS Published: October 13, 2005 NYT


WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. intelligence chief John Negroponte on Thursday put the CIA in charge of all traditional U.S. spying operations overseas, including those of the FBI and the Pentagon, in a move seen to restore some of the beleaguered agency's stature.

The CIA will lead a new National Clandestine Service, or NCS, which will be headed by undercover intelligence officer who has led the CIA's Directorate of Operations up to now.The move is part of an ambitious strategy to rebuild U.S. human intelligence after debilitating lapses over Iraq and the September 11, 2001, attacks. The plan also gives CIA Director Porter Goss the added title of national HUMINT manager.

HUMINT is bureaucratic parlance for human intelligence, which involves spying by people rather than satellites and other technology.

``I am confident that with the creation of the NCS, the U.S. government will have a more cohesive and truly national human intelligence capability,'' Negroponte said in a statement announcing the launch of the new service.

The NCS incorporates the CIA's Directorate of Operations, which runs the agency's existing clandestine, covert and paramilitary operations around the world. But the NCS also is intended to be a national authority for the integration and coordination of human intelligence operations by the CIA, the FBI, the Defense Intelligence Agency and the intelligence units of individual military services.

Under the plan approved by President George W. Bush in recent days, individual agencies will continue to run their own spying operations. But as a new coordinating force in the intelligence community, the NCS will address structural problems blamed for missteps on Iraq and the September 11 attacks that killed 3,000 people and prompted the U.S. war on terrorism.

NEW STANDARDS

A main task is to set common standards for intelligence officer training, basic espionage practices or ``tradecraft'' and the assessing of foreign intelligence informants.

The FBI and the Pentagon have aggressively expanded their spying activities overseas since the September 11 attacks, sparking new concern within intelligence circles about how to facilitate cooperation and avoid jurisdictional conflicts.

Experts said the creation of the NCS could also stem an erosion of stature at the CIA, particularly in the clandestine operations.

The CIA, which orchestrated America's Cold War espionage activities against the Soviet Union, forfeited its traditional leadership role in the intelligence community as a result of post-September 11 reforms that established Negroponte's position as director of national intelligence.

With morale low and some CIA staff critical of Goss' leadership, the agency has lost several of its most senior clandestine officers in recent months. The announcement of the new clandestine service comes just weeks after the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence said the CIA was failing to lead U.S. human intelligence efforts and suggested Negroponte take a stronger management role.

But Goss said in a statement on Thursday that the CIA's new role ``represents a grant of trust and an expression of confidence in the CIA.''

As CIA director, Goss also is pursuing an effort to expand the number of CIA clandestine officers and analysts by 50 percent and to rebuild the agency's global operations.

Negroponte's decision won praise from Sen. John Rockefeller of West Virginia, the Senate intelligence panel's senior Democrat, who had opposed committee criticism of the CIA.``Director Negroponte has made the right decision,'' Rockefeller said. ``This decision reaffirms the agency's status as the nation's premier human intelligence organization.''

CIA Manager to Head Clandestine Service

By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS October 14, 2005

WASHINGTON (AP) -- A top CIA manager who remains undercover will soon oversee traditional human spying activities for the entire intelligence community, a position created in the post-Sept. 11 intelligence overhaul.

Publicly, he is referred to simply as ''Jose.''His posting as director of the new National Clandestine Service ends weeks of debate over whether the CIA would retain its primacy over the government's traditional human spywork, as an increasing number of U.S. national security agencies take on these types of assignments.

Jose will now broadly coordinate operations for the CIA, FBI, Defense Department and other agencies involved in human intelligence, or the information gathered by people, rather than by technical means.

''This is another positive step in building an intelligence community that is more unified, coordinated and effective,'' National Intelligence Director John Negroponte said in a statement Thursday about the new service.

Forming a National Clandestine Service was one of more than 70 recommendations from President Bush's commission on weapons of mass destruction, which released a bruising report in March about the current capabilities of the 15 agencies that make up the U.S. intelligence community.

The report concluded that the ''toughest targets remain largely impenetrable'' to human spying operations.

CIA Director Porter Goss drafted a plan that would place the National Clandestine Service under his chain of command. The plan's acceptance is viewed as a victory for the CIA.

Intelligence veterans have said for months that any arrangement that somehow undermined the CIA's role as the top producer of human intelligence would hurt the agency's clout and deepen problems with agency morale.
In a statement, Goss said the decision represents ''an expression of confidence in the CIA'' from Bush and Negroponte. ''No agency has greater skill and experience in this difficult, complex, and utterly vital discipline of intelligence,'' Goss said.

With Thursday's announcement, Jose is promoted from his current position as chief of the CIA's most well-known division, its clandestine service, formally called the Directorate of Operations. He will have two deputies: one that oversees the daily activities of that CIA directorate and another that coordinates the work of the entire intelligence community.

According to a CIA fact sheet, the goal is to create standards for training, conduct and intelligence-gathering techniques that will apply across the various intelligence agencies.

The new service will also be responsible for ensuring intelligence operations don't conflict with each other. On the ground level, for instance, that may mean ensuring procedures are followed to prevent the FBI and CIA from recruiting the same source.

Covert action operations to remain in CIA's control
By Bill Gertz
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
October 14, 2005

The CIA has retained control over U.S. covert action paramilitary programs despite a commission recommendation that the Pentagon take the lead role in such programs, senior U.S. intelligence officials said yesterday. All covert paramilitary programs will be part of a new National Clandestine Service (NCS) based at the CIA. Details of the new covert action and espionage service, combining the CIA, FBI and Pentagon human spying, were disclosed during a briefing at CIA headquarters.
Under the new system, an executive will be in charge of all covert action programs that range from secret political support abroad to large-scale paramilitary operations.

Clandestine human spying -- which is more secret than covert action -- will be coordinated in two other units of the new service.
The NCS will be led by a director, designated by CIA chief Porter J. Goss. In addition, the new office of the Director of National Intelligence will provide policy guidance to the NCS but will not direct its activities, two senior intelligence officials said. The September 11 commission had recommended that all covert paramilitary operations be transferred out of CIA and given to the U.S. Special Operations Command.

Past covert actions included armed support to anti-Soviet rebels in Afghanistan and anti-communist rebels in Central America.

The commission's report said that before the September 11 attacks, the "CIA did not invest in developing a robust capability to conduct paramilitary operations with U.S. personnel." Instead the agency relied on "proxies," which lacked military training, and "the results were unsatisfactory." The two senior officials who briefed reporters on the condition of anonymity said control over covert action will remain with CIA.

"The bottom line is it was recommended back to the president that [covert action] stay where it is," one of the officials said. "Paramilitary stays with the CIA. The capability that [special operations forces] has, stays with SOF."

The official said problems arose because the CIA had authority but few capabilities and the military had great capabilities but little authority. "The marriage between the two now makes us that much more effective," the official said.

The NCS will take over the CIA's Directorate of Operations, which had been in charge of governmentwide human-spying efforts but failed to work with other agencies.

The other main human-spy services involved in NCS are the FBI, which recently set up a National Security Branch dedicated to domestic spying, and the Pentagon's human-intelligence gathering components.

The second senior intelligence official said the CIA is still banned from conducting spy operations against Americans. The Directorate of Operations has come under fire for failures related to the September 11 attacks and to intelligence on weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.


중앙정보국장 Director OF CIA

국가비밀활동부 (NCS Natinal Clandestine Service)

부장(Director)

차장( DD/NCS/CIA Deputy Director CIA 작전 본부 업무 담당)
CIA 작전본부 (Directorate Of Operations)

차장(DD/NCS/CH Deputy Director of NCS for Community HUMINT 정보 공동체 인적 정보 조정 관리 담당)

기술 담당 차장보 (ADD/NCS/T Associate Deputy Director of the NCS for Technology )

관련 보도 자료 1 2 3

FBI의 Natinal Security Servie도 지휘?>





CIA to Remain Coordinator of Overseas Spying

Washington Post October 13, 2005

The CIA will retain its role as chief coordinator of overseas spying by U.S. intelligence agencies under a plan approved by the White House that sources said was scheduled to be announced today.

The plan envisions creation of a National Clandestine Service within the CIA under Director Porter J. Goss, sources said. The chief of the new service will supervise the CIA's human intelligence operations and
coordinate -- but not direct -- similar activities undertaken abroad by other parts of the intelligence community, including the FBI and Defense Department agencies.

The plan was drafted by Goss, based on a suggestion made last March by President Bush's commission on intelligence. It keeps the CIA's traditional position as leader of U.S. "human intelligence" collection overseas as the FBI, the Defense Intelligence Agency and military services are increasing their clandestine operations around the world as part of the terrorism fight. Human intelligence refers to information collected from people, rather than from technical sources such as electronic intercepts.

The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence -- citing past CIA failures in averting the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks and in overstating Iraq's weapons of mass destruction -- recently concluded in a report that coordination of human intelligence should be moved to the office of the director of national intelligence, John D. Negroponte. The director of intelligence position was created in the intelligence-community revision by Congress last year.

If the coordinating "role had not remained in CIA, it would have been bad for agency morale, which already is down," a former senior intelligence official said yesterday. "Despite the recent faults of CIA, it is more disciplined and sophisticated on human intelligence than elsewhere" in the intelligence community, he said.

Although the intelligence director's office will not directly coordinate the human intelligence activities, it will exercise oversight. Negroponte's deputy in charge of collection, Mary Margaret Graham, a former CIA operations officer, will oversee all human intelligence collection overseas and will set broad requirements for what information needs to be collected, sources said. The CIA, the FBI and Pentagon agencies will work out who carries out the clandestine collections, with the clandestine services chief coordinating their activities.

"This is not a bad idea now that there is so much human intelligence activity across the community," said a former senior intelligence official who has been briefed on the program. In the past, he said, the CIA's deputy director for operations, who ran CIA clandestine operations, had a similar coordinating role, but at a time when other agencies had fewer overseas spy operations.

As currently envisioned, the clandestine services director will have a deputy who would not only coordinate overseas spying operations, but also ensure that agencies do not overlap one another in recruitment or operations, described by one official as "deconflicting" activities in the community. The deputy will also supervise establishment of common standards for training all human intelligence collectors in tradecraft, including the recruitment, vetting and handling of sources.

Another clandestine services deputy will run CIA's clandestine operations, as the deputy director for operations does now. The president's commission had originally proposed creating the position to free the deputy director for operations to concentrate on increasing the capability of CIA's operations, which were found lacking based on the agency's performances in failing to prevent the Sept. 11 attacks and to gain accurate information on Iraq's weapons of mass destruction.

Sources inside and outside the government said yesterday they expect that the CIA's current deputy director for operations, referred to as "Jose" because he is still under cover, will be the first NCS director. "He is a team builder," said one of Jose's former colleagues.

In a speech last month to CIA employees, at which Goss received unusually sharp questioning about the agency's future, he predicted that Negroponte would approve his plan and keep the agency as overall coordinator of human intelligence.

CIA Spies Get a New Home Base Agency Will Set Up the National Clandestine Service

Washington Post Staff October 14, 2005

Intelligence officials yesterday announced establishment of a National Clandestine Service at the CIA, saying the step is necessary because of the dramatic expansion in U.S. human intelligence collection abroad since Sept. 11, 2001.

The NCS, which will be based at the CIA, will carry out that agency's espionage, taking over what has been called the Directorate of Operations, and will coordinate, though it will not actually direct, the increasing spying and covert activities conducted worldwide by the Pentagon and FBI, officials said.

"This is another positive step in building an intelligence community that is more unified, coordinated and effective," Director of National Intelligence John D. Negroponte said in a statement yesterday.

President Bush had ordered increases of 50 percent in the number of CIA case officers and analysts, and there has been similar, if not greater, growth since the late 1990s in Pentagon and FBI human intelligence collection operations, the officials noted. That growth requires greater coordination of efforts and "has for the first time since 1947 forced us to redraw the lines," said a senior intelligence official, one of two who briefed reporters yesterday on the condition they not be identified by name. One official was from Negroponte's Office of the Director of National Intelligence, which oversees all U.S. intelligence agencies; the other was from the CIA.

Yesterday's announcement gives CIA Director Porter J. Goss another title, national humint manager, incorporating the intelligence community's shorthand for human intelligence, which refers to information collected from people rather than from technical sources such as electronic intercepts. The director of the National Clandestine Service will report to Goss, but the new agency's work will be overseen by Negroponte's staff.

One official said creating the new clandestine service office at the CIA -- instead of within the DNI's office -- reflects an endorsement of the agency by Bush.

John D. Rockefeller IV (W.Va.), ranking Democrat on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, yesterday praised the new setup."This decision reaffirms the agency's status as the nation's premier human intelligence organization and gives the director of the CIA the tools he needs to ensure an effective and coordinated effort across all agencies involved with human intelligence," he said.

The intelligence committee's Republican majority, however, citing the CIA's failures before Sept. 11, 2001, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq, had wanted the NCS job to be located within the DNI's office, not at the CIA.

While the new agency will be part of the CIA, national intelligence director Negroponte's deputy, Mary Margaret Graham, a former CIA operations officer, will oversee the NCS and all human intelligence collection overseas.

But the officials said Negroponte's office will not get involved in setting targets or running or approving specific covert operations. The DNI's role is "to set policy," one official said, "and [he] will not be a command chain for decisions on operations." The DNI will set priorities for those who collect intelligence and those who analyze it, appointing "mission managers" to make certain the intelligence community is focused on what is important.

One official said the DNI's plan is to bring together collectors and analysts from all intelligence agencies concerned to work out the best way to tackle specific problems. Each agency -- the CIA, the Pentagon, the FBI, the State Department Intelligence and Research Bureau and others -- can contribute to such prioritizing. Then it will be up to Goss and the NCS director to coordinate the operations.

The director of NCS will supervise such coordination, but "he will not tell the FBI or DoD [Defense Department] what they can do; they will do their own operation business," one official said. The CIA station chief in foreign countries will be fully briefed on all proposed operations, and any disagreements are to be worked out primarily at the local level.

"Deconfliction," the process of making certain there is no overlapping or conflict among clandestine operators, "is best handled in the field," one of the officials said.

The director of the NCS will have two deputies, one to run CIA clandestine operations and the other to coordinate activities of other overseas operators. The second deputy will also set standards for training by all agencies involved in intelligence, including tradecraft and the vetting or validation of foreign agents or sources being recruited.

Common training, with CIA, FBI and Pentagon officers in the same classes, is already taking place, the officials said.


알 카에다 편지 놓고 진위 여부 논란
Al Qaeda in Iraq Says Zawahri Letter Is Fake - Web

By REUTERS October 13, 2005


DUBAI (Reuters) - Al Qaeda's wing in Iraq on Thursday rejected as a fabrication a letter by a top group leader that was issued by U.S. officials and suggested deep internal rifts among militants.

Skip to next paragraph According to the letter, released this week by U.S. intelligence officials, al Qaeda's second in command Ayman al-Zawahri urged the group's leader in Iraq to prepare for an Islamic government to take over when U.S. forces leave.

The letter warns Zarqawi the killing of Shi'ite civilians and hostages risked alienating Sunnis at a time when al Qaeda in Iraq should be seeking support for a religious state.

But Al Qaeda's wing in Iraq said the letter's release showed the ``bankruptcy plaguing the infidels' camp.''

``We in Al Qaeda Organization announce that there is no truth to these claims, which are only based on the imagination of the politicians of the Black (White) House and their slaves,'' the group said in a statement posted on an Islamist Web site.

``All of this is in a letter attributed to our Mujahid sheikh ... and naturally we do not know how and where this letter is to have been found,'' said the statement signed by the group's spokesman in Iraq.

U.S. officials said the July 9 letter, addressed to Iraq's al Qaeda leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, was obtained during

operations in Iraq.

SPLIT OVER AUTHENTICITY

In Washington, U.S. officials and experts were split on the letter's authenticity.

Ken Katzman, a terrorism expert with the Congressional Research Service -- the in-house think-tank of the U.S. Congress -- said the letter contained elements that raised doubts about its authenticity.

``The purported letter has Zawahri admitting to certain things that it's not realistic for him to admit, because he would know there's a potential this letter might be intercepted,'' Katzman said.

He said they included a request for money from Zarqawi, an admission that Pakistan's army is hunting for al Qaeda and how the arrest of a top operative affected the network.

A U.S. security official said: ``There's every reason to believe it's legitimate. We have high confidence that it's legitimate.''

The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, declined to say what steps were taken to authenticate the letter for fear of revealing intelligence sources and methods.

Michael Scheuer, a former CIA analyst and critic of the U.S. war against terrorism, also said the letter appeared authentic.

Scheuer said the letter's admission of setbacks were typical of al Qaeda. ``They have always been almost puritanical in talking about setbacks.''

Several experts said the letter contained far fewer Koranic references and quotations than other Zawahri statements.

The letter was released days before Iraqis were to vote in a referendum on a new constitution in which U.S. authorities hope for a large turnout among Sunni Muslim Arabs.

Many Sunni Arabs oppose Saturday's referendum, and some experts say that Zarqawi declared war on Iraq's majority Shi'ites last month to curry favor among the disaffected.

If we only had acted
By F. Michael Maloof
October 9, 2005


Rep. Curt Weldon, Pennsylvania Republican, correctly asserts the terrorist attack on America on September 11, 2001, could have been averted.
The assertion was based on his efforts as early as 1999 to create a national collaborative or fusion center. It would data-mine vast amounts of information from U.S. intelligence and law enforcement to confront such asymmetrical threats as terrorism, proliferation, illegal arms trafficking, espionage, narcotics and information warfare and cyber-terrorism.
It was a process that produced, among other things, the Able Danger open-source analysis that reportedly revealed hijacker Mohamed Atta as a potential terrorist before the attack.
Mr. Weldon first sought help from Eileen Preisser, who ran the Information Dominance Center at the U.S. Army's Land Information Warfare Activity (LIWA) at Fort Belvoir, Va. He then asked this writer to work with Ms. Preisser to see how the Army initiative could be expanded into a national effort.
As Mr. Weldon envisioned it, the national collaborative center would have been comprised of a system of mini-centers or "pods" of some 34 entities from the U.S. intelligence community and law enforcement agencies to function in a common operating environment.
It would not have been just another analytical unit. The effect of data-mining information that had already been analyzed was to game-plan particular issues and offer options to policymakers and national commanders to deal with them.
For example, say terrorists in South America work with drug cartels raise money to buy weapons on the "gray" arms market to smuggle to terror cells in the U.S. Information from independent analytical centers dedicated to the elements in this hypothetical scenario would be fused at the center to determine a course of action.
Potential end-users would have been the White House, Congress, State and Defense Departments, Joint Chiefs of Staff, the regional commanders-in-chiefs (CINCs) and government operation centers.
In a July 30, 1999, letter to then-Deputy Defense Secretary John Hamre, Mr. Weldon proposed creating a national entity "that can acquire, fuse and analyze disparate data from many agencies to support the policymaker in taking action against asymmetrical threats. "These challenges are beginning to overlap, thereby blurring their distinction while posing increasing threats to our nation."
Mr. Weldon pointed out that the Defense Department "has a unique opportunity" to create a centralized national center, which he called the National Operations Analysis Hub (NOAH, to protect against the "flood of threats."
The NOAH would have been created by presidential executive order as a tool of the National Security Council. The Defense Department would have been designated to run it.
Mr. Weldon's proposal, however, met with immediate opposition from the Defense Department. The office of the assistant secretary for command, control, communications and intelligence (C3I), now renamed networks and information integration, especially pushed for creating the Joint Central Analytic Group (JCAG). C3I was concerned that money for the national collaborative center would be diverted from the long-sought JCAG counterintelligence analytical center. Unfortunately, the JCAG, now at the Defense Intelligence Agency at Bolling Air Force Base, doesn't talk to other analytical centers that deal with various asymmetrical threats.
Nor do the other existing analytical centers dedicated to collecting information on terrorism, proliferation, arms smuggling and other threats talk to each another regularly.
Following the initial DoD turndown, Ellen Preisser and this writer then data-mined unclassified information to report to Mr. Weldon on possible Chinese front companies in the United States seeking technology for the People's Liberation Army.
It showed how Chinese front companies in the United States listed as U.S. corporations were acquiring U.S. weapons technology from U.S. defense contractors, and improving China's military capability. Such access to U.S. technology then would allow the Chinese over time to duplicate U.S. military systems down to the widget.
Indeed, a June 27, 2005 article in The Washington Times reported U.S. investigators were concerned with China and its middlemen increasingly and illegally obtaining "sensitive or classified U.S. weapons technology" from U.S. companies.
Reaction to the study on Chinese front companies in the United States from the Army and the General Counsel's office in the Office of the Defense Secretary was immediate. In November 1999, they ordered the study destroyed, but not before Mr. Weldon complained to then Army Chief of Staff Eric K. Shinseki.
Mr. Weldon also wrote a letter to then-FBI Director Louis Freeh requesting an espionage investigation. Mr. Freeh never responded to the Weldon request.
Then in an April 14, 2000, memorandum from the legal counsel in the Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Capt. Michael Lohr wrote that the concern over the LIWA initiative potentially bumped into what amounted to domestic spying.
"Preliminary review of subject methodology raised the possibility that LIWA 'data mining' would potentially access both foreign intelligence (FI) information and domestic information relating to U.S. citizens (i.e. law enforcement, tax, customs, immigration, etc," Capt. Lohr wrote.
"I recognize that an argument can be made that LIWA is not 'collecting' in the strict sense (i.e. they are accessing public areas of the Internet and non-FI federal government databases of already lawfully collected information)," Capt. Lohr added. "This effort would, however, have the potential to pull together into a single database a wealth of privacy-protected U.S. citizen information in a more sweeping and exhaustive manner than was previously contemplated."
In effect, the national collaborative center experiment based on the LIWA example was sidelined.
If the concept of the NOAH had been in effect on September 11, 2001, events may have been different. The cost for such a system would have been minimal compared to the heavy cost in human life and resources the nation suffered


Covert action operations to remain in CIA's control
By Bill Gertz
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
October 14, 2005


The CIA has retained control over U.S. covert action paramilitary programs despite a commission recommendation that the Pentagon take the lead role in such programs, senior U.S. intelligence officials said yesterday.
All covert paramilitary programs will be part of a new National Clandestine Service (NCS) based at the CIA. Details of the new covert action and espionage service, combining the CIA, FBI and Pentagon human spying, were disclosed during a briefing at CIA headquarters.
Under the new system, an executive will be in charge of all covert action programs that range from secret political support abroad to large-scale paramilitary operations.
Clandestine human spying -- which is more secret than covert action -- will be coordinated in two other units of the new service.
The NCS will be led by a director, designated by CIA chief Porter J. Goss. In addition, the new office of the Director of National Intelligence will provide policy guidance to the NCS but will not direct its activities, two senior intelligence officials said.
The September 11 commission had recommended that all covert paramilitary operations be transferred out of CIA and given to the U.S. Special Operations Command.
Past covert actions included armed support to anti-Soviet rebels in Afghanistan and anti-communist rebels in Central America.
The commission's report said that before the September 11 attacks, the "CIA did not invest in developing a robust capability to conduct paramilitary operations with U.S. personnel." Instead the agency relied on "proxies," which lacked military training, and "the results were unsatisfactory."
The two senior officials who briefed reporters on the condition of anonymity said control over covert action will remain with CIA.
"The bottom line is it was recommended back to the president that [covert action] stay where it is," one of the officials said. "Paramilitary stays with the CIA. The capability that [special operations forces] has, stays with SOF."
The official said problems arose because the CIA had authority but few capabilities and the military had great capabilities but little authority.
"The marriage between the two now makes us that much more effective," the official said.
The NCS will take over the CIA's Directorate of Operations, which had been in charge of governmentwide human-spying efforts but failed to work with other agencies.
The other main human-spy services involved in NCS are the FBI, which recently set up a National Security Branch dedicated to domestic spying, and the Pentagon's human-intelligence gathering components.
The second senior intelligence official said the CIA is still banned from conducting spy operations against Americans.
The Directorate of Operations has come under fire for failures related to the September 11 attacks and to intelligence on weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.